Seachtain na Gaeilge 2024: Dr Brian Ó Raghallaigh



Posted: 12 March, 2024

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Díchódú Oidhreachtaí Folaithe i Scéalaíocht Thraidisiúnta Ghaelach le Mianadóireacht Téacs agus Fíligéinitic: Dr Brian Ó Raghallaigh

Tá Cnuasach Bhéaloideas Éireann (CBÉ) ar cheann de na cartlanna béaloidis is mó ar domhan, a bhuíochas don obair a rinne Coimisiún Béaloideasa Éireann i lár an fichiú haois, faoi stiúr Shéamuis Uí Dhuilearga. Ba é an príomhsprioc a bhí rompu ná breith ar ghnásanna traidisiúnta phobal Gaelach na hÉireann, pobal a bhí ag meath go tapa. Rinne siad seo trí bhéaloideas a bhailiú trí chóras na mbunscoileanna, agus trí bhailitheoirí béaloidis gairmiúla, leithéidí Sheosaimh Uí Dhálaigh, Liam Mhic Coisdealbha agus Sheáin Uí Eochaidh, a chur chuig ceantracha Gaeltachta chun amhráin, scéalta agus béaloideas eile a bhailiú, ó leithéidí Peig Sayers, Éamoin a Búrc and Róise Rua Nic Grianna.

Tá mo thionscadal reatha, Díchódú Oidhreachtaí Folaithe (DOF), arna maoiniú ag an gComhairle um Thaighde in Éirinn, dírithe ar na seanscéalta atá i measc an ábhair istigh i gcartlann CBÉ a ghabháil agus a scrúdú, agus fuarthas spreagadh ó bheith ag iarraidh tógáil ar oidhreacht Choimisiún Béaloideasa Éireann. Tá na seanscéalta úsáideach más ag iarraidh spléachadh a fháil ar airíonna teangeolaíocha agus cultúrtha stairiúla i bpobal ar leith atáthar, pobal na nGael sa chás seo, ach tugann siad deis dúinn freisin comparáid a dhéanamh le cultúir eile go hidirnáisiúnta. I measc na dtopaicí atá á gcíoradh againn ná inscne an scéalaí agus an phríomhcharachtair, teanga agus struchtúr na scéalta, agus úsáid foirmlí oscailte (Once upon a time…) agus dúnta (…and they lived happily ever after) sna seanscéalta. Mar shampla:

Bhí rí ann fadó agus is fada ó bhí…Dá mbeinnse an uair sin ann, ní bheinn anois ann, dá mbeinn anois agus an uair sin ann, bheadh scéal úr nó seanscéal agam nó bheinn gan scéal ar bith…Bhí rí ann fadó, is minic a bhí, is beidh go deo…Sin é mo scéal, agus má bhíonn bréag ann bíodh.

Tá an tionscadal ag baint úsáide as teicneolaíochtaí úrscothacha chun na seanscéalta seo a dhigitiú agus chun anailís a dhéanamh orthu, uathaithint peannaireachta, mianadóireacht téacs agus fíligéinitic sa áireamh. Díríonn ár dtaighde ar thrí chineál seanscéal mar chás-staidéir, is é sin Aarne–Thompson–Uther (ATU) 400 ‘The Search for the Lost Wife’, ATU 425 ‘The Search for the Lost Husband’, agus ATU 503 ‘The Gifts of the Little People’.

Extract from a Folklore Commission document (in Irish)

An Príomhbhailiúchán Lámhscríbhinní, Imleabhar 0312, Leathanach 0009” ó Dúchas © Cnuasach Bhéaloideas Éireann, UCD agus faoi cheadúnas CC BY-NC 4.0 

Tá an taighde seo á mhaoiniú ag an IRC faoi scéim a cuireadh le chéile chun taighde sna daonnachtaí digiteacha in Éirinn a chur chun cinn, i bpáirt leis an AHRC sa Ríocht Aontaithe. Thug sé seo an deis dúinn páirtnéireacht a bhunú le saineolaithe sa ríomhaireacht, sa teangeolaíocht agus sa bhéaloideas in Ollscoil Dhún Éideann chomh maith le Ollscoil Durham, Ollscoil Indiana agus an Coláiste Ollscoile, BÁC, agus chun taighde comparáideach a dhéanamh ar sheanscéalta Gaelacha na hÉireann agus na hAlban. Trí seo a dhéanamh, cuirfidh sé an cuntas is mionsonraithe go dtí seo ar fáil ar choinbhéirseacht agus dibhéirseacht i dtraidisiúin scéalaíochta na hÉireann agus na hAlban agus, dá réir sin, tuiscint úr ar a gcomhstair chultúrtha.

Tá an tionscadal seo ag tógáil ar an dúshraith a leagadh síos faoi thionscadal Dúchas (arna stiúradh ag an Dr Úna Bhreathnach), tionscadal chun CBÉ a dhigitiú, agus tionscadal Logainm, tionscadal chun gasaitéar geochódaithe de logainmneacha Gaeilge a chruthú, iad maoinithe ag Roinn na Gaeltachta (Scéimeanna Tacaíochta Teanga) araon. Thug tionscadal Logainm, a clúdaíodh san Irish Times i 2023, bealach éasca dúinn an t-ábhar béaloidis a áiríodh sa tionscadal seo a léiriú go geografach ar an léarscáil. Clúdaíodh tionscadal DOF ar an gclár Aistí ón Aer ar RTÉ Raidió na Gaeltachta i 2023, nuair a labhair comhalta iardhochtúireachta an tionscadail, an Dr Andrea Palandri, faoinár obair ar na foirmlí oscailte agus dúnta a thagann chun cinn go coitianta sna seanscéalta seo.

Gaelic speaker pictured speaking into a Folklore Commission recorder.

An Bailiúchán Grianghraf, M001.18.00862” ó Dúchas © Cnuasach Bhéaloideas Éireann, UCD agus faoi cheadúnas CC BY-NC 4.0.

Ollamh Cúnta i Fiontar & Scoil na Gaeilge, Ollscoil Chathair Bhaile Átha Cliath (DCU) é an Dr Brian Ó Raghallaigh (@oraghalb), mar a bhfuil sé ina Phríomhthaighdeoir ar thionscadal Díchódú Oidhreachtaí Folaithe arna maoiniú ag an gComhairle um Thaighde in Éirinn. Is é an Príomhthaighdeoir ar thionscadal Logainm – Bunachar Logainmneacha na hÉireann arna maoiniú ag Roinn na Gaeltachta. Tá cúlra aige sa ríomhaireacht, sa teangeolaíocht agus sa Ghaeilge. Ball é Brian de ghrúpa taighde Gaois atá dírithe ar acmhainní nuálaíocha a fhorbairt chun teanga agus saíocht na Gaeilge a chothú (Féach: www.gaois.ie).

Decoding Hidden Heritages in Gaelic Traditional Narrative with Text-Mining and Phylogenetics: Dr Brian Ó Raghallaigh

Ireland’s National Folklore Collection (NFC) is one of the largest folklore archives in the world, thanks to the work of the Irish Folklore Commission in the middle of the 20th century, led by Séamus Ó Duilearga. Their primary goal was to capture the folk traditions of the rapidly declining Irish-language speaking Gaelic communities of Ireland. They did so by collecting folklore through the national school system, and by sending professional folklore collectors, the likes of Seosamh Ó Dálaigh, Liam Mac Coisdealbha and Seán Ó hEochaidh, to Gaeltacht areas to collect songs, stories and other folklore, from the likes of Peig Sayers, Éamon a Búrc and Róise Rua Nic Grianna.

My current IRC-funded research project, Decoding Hidden Heritages (DHH), is focused on capturing and analysing the international folktales contained within the NFC archive, and was inspired by a desire to build upon the legacy of the Irish Folklore Commission. Folktales are a useful vehicle for investigating historic linguistic and cultural traits within a particular community, the Gaelic community in this instance, but also allow us compare and contrast with other cultures internationally. Among our avenues of investigation are the gender of the narrator and protagonist, the stories’ language and internal structure, and the use of opening (Once upon a time…) and closing (…and they lived happily ever after) formulas across the folktales. For example:

Bhí rí ann fadó agus is fada ó bhí…Dá mbeinnse an uair sin ann, ní bheinn anois ann, dá mbeinn anois agus an uair sin ann, bheadh scéal úr nó seanscéal agam nó bheinn gan scéal ar bith…Bhí rí ann fadó, is minic a bhí, is beidh go deo…Sin é mo scéal, agus má bhíonn bréag ann bíodh.

The project is utilising state-of-the-art technologies to digitise and analyse these folktales, including handwritten text recognition, text mining and phylogenetics. Our research focuses on three folktale types as case studies, namely Aarne–Thompson–Uther (ATU) 400 ‘The Search for the Lost Wife’, ATU 425 ‘The Search for the Lost Husband’, and ATU 503 ‘The Gifts of the Little People’.

Extract from a Folklore Commission document (in Irish)

The Main Manuscript Collection, Volume 0312, Page 0009” by Dúchas © National Folklore Collection, UCD is licensed under CC BY-NC 4.0.

This research is funded by the IRC under a scheme designed to develop digital humanities research in Ireland, in partnership with the AHRC in the UK. This allowed us to team up with experts in informatics, linguistics and folkloristics at the University of Edinburgh as well as Durham University, Indiana University and University College Dublin, and to carry out comparative research on the Gaelic folktales of Ireland and Scotland. In doing so, we will provide the most detailed account to date of convergence and divergence in the narrative traditions of Scotland and Ireland and, by extension, a novel understanding of their joint cultural history.

This project builds upon the work of the Dúchas project (led by Dr Úna Bhreathnach), a project to digitise the NFC, and the Logainm project, a project to build a geocoded gazeteer of Irish-language placenames, both of which are funded by the Department of the Gaeltacht (Language Support Schemes). The Logainm project, which was featured in the Irish Times in 2023, provides us with the ability to easily plot the folktale material included in this project geographically on the map. The DHH project was featured on RTÉ Raidió na Gaeltachta’s Aistí ón Aer programme in 2023, when project postoctoral researcher Dr Andrea Palandri spoke about our work on the opening and closing formulas commonly occurring in these folktales.

Gaelic speaker pictured speaking into a Folklore Commission recorder.

The Photographic Collection, M001.18.00862” by Dúchas © National Folklore Collection, UCD is licensed under CC BY-NC 4.0.

Dr Brian Ó Raghallaigh (@oraghalb) is an Assistant Professor in Fiontar & Scoil na Gaeilge, Dublin City University (DCU), where he is Principal Investigator on the Irish Research Council-funded Decoding Hidden Heritages project. He is also the Principal Investigator on the Department of the Gaeltacht-funded Logainm – Placenames Database of Ireland project. His background is in computer science, linguistics and Irish. Brian is a member of the Gaois research group that develops innovative resources to support the Irish language and its heritage (See: www.gaois.ie).

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